This dictionary provides comprehensive information on the vocabulary used in the Slovenian literary language during the period of the Reformation. It was written based on complete concordance from all editions of Slovenian texts from the period 1550-1603. The word entries are accompanied by grammatical information, such as the part of speech used and other grammatical data. The extent of their use is shown by the attributed sources. The features of the linguistic system of that period are also shown by numerous notices regarding written, phonological and morphological variations.

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Unified by the theoretical and hermeneutical arch that links physics to metaphysics, the three subjects here analysed, belonging to the famous Commentarii Collegii Conimbricensis Socíetatis lesu (1592-1606) - colour, nature and knowledge - strike the reader by their modernity. The first, reveals Coimbra productivity, regarding Manuel de Góis' theory of colours, so similar to Goethe's; the second, underlines ali the aesthetical possibilities the Coimbra Commentaries may confer to some theoretical domains as anthropology, cosmology or even science; lastly, after studying a theological theme that pertains to the doctrine of the knowledge, "separation", to the reader is proposed a surprisingly interpretation: the Cartesian tone ofthis precise theme.

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Recoge este libro, De Al-Ricotí al rector Sabater, complementarios acercamientos a la evolución de la enseñanza superior en Murcia, acercamientos que acaban, en conjunto, por ofrecer un friso más o menos integral de su desarrollo histórico, desde el foco islámico encontrado por los castellanos al someter el territorio en el siglo XIII, pasando por los colegios regulares y episcopales de la Baja Edad Media y la Edad Moderna, así como por las experiencias universitarias libres de la centuria decimonónica, hasta alcanzar la Universidad erigida en 1915 con su desenvolvimiento hoy ya centenario.

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Spannend schildert der Autor den Wandel des niederlausitzischen Landvogtamtes in den Jahren von 1490 bis 1620. Er zeichnet nicht nur ein Bild von den Persönlichkeiten der Landvögte, von ihren familiären Hintergründen, ihren politischen Karrieren und den Gründen ihrer Amtseinführung, sondern geht auch auf das Verhältnis zwischen dem König und den niederlausitzischen und böhmischen Ständen ein. Denn im 15. Jahrhundert kam ein neuer Machtfaktor ins Spiel – die Stände, die über das Schicksal ihres Landes mitentscheiden wollten und dafür einen schwachen Landvogt aus eigenen Reihen einem treuen Diener des Königs vorzogen. Der Autor verweist im notwendigen Maß auch auf das Geschehen in den übrigen Ländern der Böhmischen Krone und erfasst die Veränderung in den Kompetenzen der Landvögte sowie die Funktion und personelle Besetzung ihres Amtsapparates. Mit dieser breiten Fragestellung und dem großen Umfang der ausgewerteten Quellen unterscheidet sich diese historische Darstellung grundlegend von anderen Abhandlungen, die bisher zum Thema verfasst worden sind.

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Die Altmark schlägt die Brücke vom westelbischen Sachsen zum ostelbischen Landesausbaugebiet auf dem Boden slawischer Stämme und Völker, politisch, wirtschaftlich, ethnisch und kulturell. Bis zum Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts ostsächsische Grenzregion des Reiches und des Herzogtums Sachsen, wuchsen die Teilregionen auf dem Boden der sich erst nach und nach formierenden Altmark in den Machtkämpfen des Spätmittelalters zu einem der Hauptkreise der Mark Brandenburg zusammen. Die Altmark bewahrte aber vielerlei historische Wurzeln, bis zur Reformationszeit ihre Zugehörigkeit zu den sächsischen Bistümern Halberstadt und Verden, die enge Verflechtung der acht Immediatstädte mit Hansestädten, soziokulturelle Eigentümlichkeiten u.a.m., und auch in der Frühneuzeit, die den zeitlichen Schwerpunkt des Buches bildet, vielerlei Bezüge zu den politischen Nachbarn, den Fürstentümern Magdeburg und Halberstadt, Braunschweig und Lüneburg mit dem Wendland. Daraus erwächst von selbst der vergleichende Aspekt, wie er auch den ostelbischen Regionen der Mark Brandenburg gilt. Die Vergleiche heben die Merkmale hervor, die die Altmark bis zum Ende des Alten Reiches charakterisieren: eigenständige Gerichtsinstanzen, gute besitz- und personenrechtliche Verhältnisse der bäuerlichen Bevölkerung, eine auf verbriefte Privilegien wie auf angemaßte Observanzen pochende Ritterschaft, starke kommunale Kräfte in Stadt und Land, Bürgerschaften und Landgemeinden, die ihren Anspruch auf Selbst- und Mitbestimmung nicht aufgaben und auch im Zeitalter des Absolutismus um ökonomische, soziale und kulturelle Freiräume kämpften. Das manifestiert sich in vielfältigen, aus archivalischen Quellen ermittelten sozialen wie individuellen Handlungen, Verhaltens-, Lebens- und Denkweisen unterschiedlicher Interessengemeinschaften und gesellschaftlicher Gruppierungen in ihrem Mit- und Gegeneinander. Das Buch wendet sich sowohl an Fachkollegen der Landes-, Agrar- und Stadt-, Siedlungs-, Verfassungs-, Wirtschafts- und Sozial-, Kultur- und Alltagsgeschichte als auch an historisch Interessierte überhaupt, an Regional- und Ortshistoriker. Es bietet vielfältige neue Erkenntnisse und gibt Anstöße zum Weiterforschen.

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Refinement and enrichment of surfaces in stone, wood and plaster is a fundamental aspect of early modern architecture which has been marginalised by architectural history. Enriching Architecture aims to retrieve and rehabilitate surface achievement as a vital element of early modern buildings in Britain and Ireland. Rejected by modernism, demeaned by the conceptual ‘turn’ and too often reduced to its representative or social functions, we argue for the historical legitimacy of creative craft skill as a primary agent in architectural production. However, in contrast to the connoisseurial and developmental perspectives of the past, this book is concerned with how surfaces were designed, achieved and experienced. The contributors draw upon the major rethinking of craft and materials within the wider cultural sphere in recent years to deconstruct traditional, oppositional ways of thinking about architectural production. This is not a craft for craft’s sake argument but an effort to embed the tangible findings of conservation and curatorial research within an evidence-led architectural history that illuminates the processes of early modern craftsmanship. The book explores broad themes of surface treatment such as wainscot, rustication, plasterwork, and staircase embellishment together with chapters focused on virtuoso buildings and set pieces which illuminate these themes.

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In the 17th and 18th centuries, Hamburg was one of the strongholds of European Hebrew studies in Hamburg. The Academic Gymnasium, founded in 1613, created professorships for Hebraic studies or - more comprehensively - for Oriental studies. Names like Hermann Samuel Reimarus are associated with them. Some of these teachers also became the main pastors.Graduated exegete of Old Testament and retired main pastor of the all curch St. Nikolai of Hamburg Ferdinand Ahuis has investigated the legacies of nine of his predecessors from four centuries with regard to their attitude towards Judaism. In this work, he presents their theological interpretations of the Old Testament which have influenced the Christian view of Judaism.The work concludes with a virtual dialogue between the main pastor and biblical scholar Heinz Beckmann and the rabbi and biblical scholar Benno Jacob.

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The work of the map-maker and historian Humphrey Llwyd (1527–68) were a crucial contribution to a new vision of Britain in the early modern period. It lies close to the roots of the emerging ideology of British Empire, and Llwyd’s influence is to be found in the works of major English poets such as Edmund Spenser and Michael Drayton. His history of medieval Wales, Cronica Walliae, shaped Welsh historical traditions for centuries to come. Llwyd is also the earliest extant source for the legend of Prince Madoc, whose twelfth-century voyage to America shaped British fantasies of the New World from the reign of Elizabeth to the nineteenth century. This is the first book-length study of Llwyd’s works, influence and intellectual milieu, and contributions from scholars in the fields of history, geography and literary studies cover the range of Llwyd’s achievement as a cartographer, historian and chorographer of Wales and Britain.

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The book (‘The Cyclorama of the Slavic Word (A Test of Renaissance Humanism through a Cross-Section of the Complete Works of Primož Trubar and Maximus the Greek)’) presents a detailed cultural and historical analysis of the problems associated with the attempts to link Western and Eastern Christianity since the first century of Christianization onward, with special attention being paid to the importance of the Slavic presence in European history, including questions regarding the role of individual contributions (biographical and historical overviews) to the spiritual history of the Christian East and West. This book uses juxtaposition to present the work, creativity and views of two key figures in Slovenia and Russia, Primož Trubar and Maximus the Greek (St. Maxim the Greek). The said Slavic authors, who also wrote in Latin, German and Greek, but consciously chose Slavic for very specific reasons (Primož Trubar used it as his mother language and Maximus the Greek as a language of salvation), are studied on the basis of primary archival sources, with special regard to manuscripts (of Maximus the Greek) and to early printing (of Primož Trubar) in the sixteenth century. In addition, Neža Zajc also critically analyzes the Renaissance period and presents the option of viewing it from a different perspective: the hypotheses to date that were based on secondary literature have proven to be insufficiently explanatory or proved unsatisfactory.

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In 1983, with a view to developing the site, an archaeological study began, largely centred on the site of the former canonical cloister of Saint-Nazaire d’Autun, mentioned in documents as early as the 9th century, and taking into account both the buried remains and the remarkably preserved elevations. At the same time, the remains of the old cathedral were being analysed, as opportunities arose. The various interventions revealed the importance of this site, which gradually faded into the urban landscape in favour of the Cathedral of Saint Lazarus, erected at the beginning of the 12th century, while at the same time helping to renew our knowledge of the episcopal and canonical groups.

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Na Livraria Visconde da Trindade, doada nos anos 70

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The title of the book tries to accurately reflect its content: the academic acts and the collation of the degrees are studied during this first stage of the University of Baeza (1549-1580), in which outstanding protagonists appear (Diego Pérez de Valdivia, Bernardino de Carleval, Diego de Ávila, Hernando de Herrera ...) Rafael Ramis Barceló and Pedro Ramis Serra collect the data referring to the students and professors of this époque, detail the academic curriculum of each one of them, and give a perspective of the whole of the University life in this exciting and turbulent era, punctuated by the activity of the “alumbrados” and the inquisitorial persecution. --- El título del libro intenta reflejar exactamente su contenido: se estudian los actos académicos y la colación de los grados durante esta primera etapa de la Universidad de Baeza (1549-1580), en la que aparecen destacados protagonistas (Diego Pérez de Valdivia, Bernardino de Carleval, Diego de Ávila, Hernando de Herrera…) Rafael Ramis Barceló y Pedro Ramis Serra recopilan los datos referentes a los estudiantes y maestros de esta época, detallan el curriculum académico de cada uno de ellos, y dan una perspectiva de conjunto de la vida universitaria biacense en esta época apasionante y convulsa, jalonada por la actividad de los alumbrados y la persecución inquisitorial.

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Archaeometry is based on the necessary interdisciplinary relationship between diverse branches of the natural and social sciences. This relationship is essential in archaeology, since, from physical materials (objects), scholars have to face questions that go beyond the limits of the tangible and pertain instead to abstract and social concerns. Currently, archaeometric studies are fundamental to the accurate classification and characterization of archaeological materials, providing relevant data, among other aspects, about their production, function and social meaning. In this book, we present a set of papers that show the potential of mineralogical studies (e.g. petrography, mineral geochemistry, X-ray Diffraction) and multiproxy approaches to characterize the composition of a wide diversity of archaeological materials such as ceramics, terracotta, tiles, metals, glazes, glass and mortars related to several periods (Bronze Age, Roman, Middle Age, Modern period). In this sense, this book can be of interest for specialized researchers who seek specific case studies and are mainly concerned with certain kinds of materials, but also for those students, researchers and professionals who look for a practical overview of the chief methods that can be followed in the study of material culture.

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The wool manufacture, along with the International trade and finance, was one of Florence’s leading sectors in the Late Middle Ages. The sixteenth century has been only touched by the historical-economical studies, perhaps because it was traditionally considered a period of decadence. More recent research has instead highlighted the need to rethink these conclusions, demonstrating how the textile sector represents a good point of observation for deepening the critical points and evaluating the prospects of the economy of the city of the Lily in the 16th century. Alongside the analysis of a case study and the critical re-elaborations of what literature offers on more general topics, the book presents a long-term view of the process of the rise and decline of the Arte della Lana in Florence, reinterpreting it in the light of new archival investigations.

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The wool manufacture, along with the International trade and finance, was one of Florence’s leading sectors in the Late Middle Ages. The sixteenth century has been only touched by the historical-economical studies, perhaps because it was traditionally considered a period of decadence. More recent research has instead highlighted the need to rethink these conclusions, demonstrating how the textile sector represents a good point of observation for deepening the critical points and evaluating the prospects of the economy of the city of the Lily in the 16th century. Alongside the analysis of a case study and the critical re-elaborations of what literature offers on more general topics, the book presents a long-term view of the process of the rise and decline of the Arte della Lana in Florence, reinterpreting it in the light of new archival investigations.

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Philipp Melanchthon (1497–1560) was, with Martin Luther, the most influential reformer of the church during the 16th century. He was also a reformer of university education, especially theological studies, as well as the school system in Germany. He was responsible for a theological curriculum that included Greek, Hebrew, and philosophy. He, as a professor of Greek at the University of Wittenberg since 1518, was the author of the first generally accepted Protestant confession, known as the Confessio Augustana (1530). He also wrote the first Protestant commentaries on Paul’s letter to the Romans (1519), as well as the first Protestant handbook in systematic theology (1521). He was the main negotiator of the Protestant movement during the diets and religious discussions with the Roman Catholic Church. He is known as the ‘teacher of Germany and Europe’ and is respected as the father of the ecumenical movement. Yet, Melanchthon is not known to South Africans and especially Afrikaans-speaking people who, traditionally, have close links with the reformational tradition. There is not yet one single publication on Melanchthon in Afrikaans or by a South African scholar, making this book, therefore, the first by an Afrikaans-speaking scholar on Melanchthon.

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On 9 July 1709, over 2,300 books were sold at a public auction at the shop of the publishing family Boom in Amsterdam. They comprised the ‘beautiful library’ (treffelyke bibliotheek) of the patrician Pieter de Graeff (1638–1707), member of a prominent regent family. This monograph draws on unpublished archival sources and De Graeff’s book auction catalogue to explore his library and its significance. While tracing the microhistories of De Graeff’s relatives against the backdrop of the Dutch Republic’s unfolding history, this research reveals his book collection as a microcosmos of knowledge accumulated through generations. De Graeff’s boeken kamer -- the library room in his Amsterdam residence – is also investigated and visualized through computer graphics, resulting in an online, interactive and annotated 3D model.

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In 1542 William Ramsden bought his wife’s family home at Longley and so began a long association between the Ramsdens and Huddersfield which lasted until Sir John Frecheville Ramsden sold his greatly increased Huddersfield estate to the Corporation in 1920. This collection of essays is published to commemorate the centenary of that event. Seven local historians examine different aspects of the Ramsden family’s relationship with the town and its inhabitants, especially in the nineteenth century.  The book incorporates new research and gives fresh insights into the events which led to Huddersfield becoming ‘the town that bought itself’ a century ago.

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The scientific monograph (' Late Gothic winged altar of St. Cross of Kojsko (1515) and life in the Brda region of the 16th century') is dedicated to the 500 th anniversary of the unique late Gothic winged altar which dates back to 1515. The anniversary has offered numerous opportunities to illuminate the importance of this medieval cultural monument, which boasts not only Goriška Brda, but all Slovenia. Individual contributions in the book deal with the broader historical and social context of life in the Brda region of the 16th century.

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The main part of the monography ('Proto-Slavic Masculine i-Nouns in Slovenian Literary Language of the 16th Century') is the analyze of the reflexes of Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns of masculine gender in Slovenian literary language of the 16th century.The Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns of masculine gender in Slovenian literary language of the 16th century can reflect as nouns of o-stem masculine, i-stem feminine, i-stem masculine (gospod “sir”, ljudje “people”, partly also, pot “path”), u-stem (circumflected monosyllables), a-stem and in the plural mixed i-stem and o-stem (masculine) or mixed i-stem and o-stem (miš ˮmouseˮ) declension. Mostly the reflexes of i-stem declension are limited to individual case form and are not reflected in the overall paradigm. There is the increased conservation of i-stem declension in plural while in the singular the transition to o-stem patterns is larger.

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Simone Verovio was the first printer to produce a substantial number of musical prints using engraved copper plates. This intaglio printing technique not only allowed him to print on demand, but also to combine different kinds of notation on one page opening: voice parts with corresponding harpsichord and lute intabulations. This detailed comparison of intaglio and relief printing techniques in the editions associated with Verovio sheds light on the production of sheet music around 1600 and the comparison of the vocal and instrumental parts provides ground-breaking insights into historical performance practice.

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The monograph (‘The Slavic image of word : the forces of depiction in a Slavic language of the sixteenth century’) sets the groundwork for the elucidation of some historical development in the middle of the evolution of Slavic languages that also influenced the establishment of literary language both in Slovenia and Russia in the mid-sixteenth century (the beginning of Slavic literary and liturgy, the intertwining of Greek and Latin Christian linguistic patterns, connection to the East-West Schism in 1054).

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Monografija je zasnovana kot nadaljevanje dela Slovenski knjižni jezik 16. stoletja. Razprave o oblikoslovju, besedotvorju, glasoslovju in pravopisu (2009). Vsebinsko je razdeljena na tri dele. V najobsežnejšem prvem delu je predstavljen jezik Trubarja, Dalmatina, Krelja in Juričiča ter slovensko besedje v Megiserjevih slovarjih. Prikaz izbire leksike je dopolnjen z omembami glasoslovnih, oblikoslovnih, skladenjskih, pomenskih in stilnih značilnosti jezika. V drugem delu so predstavljene tri obsežnejše besedotvorno in pomensko osamosvojene skupine poimenovanj: ženski pari moških poimenovanj, samostalniške manjšalnice ter poimenovanja poklicnih dejavnosti. V zadnjem delu monografije je slovenski knjižni jezik 16. stoletja predstavljen predvsem z vidika obstojnosti leksike. Na razvojno spreminjanje kažejo primerjave z besedjem iz mlajših obdobij, zajetim s primerljivimi verskimi besedili (pridige Janeza Svetokriškega iz let 1691–1707), s slovarji iz 18. stoletja ter s Pregljevim zgodovinskim romanom Bogovec Jernej (1923).

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Monografija obravnava predvsem oblikoslovno in besedotvorno problematiko slovenskega knjižnega jezika v obdobju njegovega nastanka. Čeprav se delo osredinja na glagol in njegove kategorije, so vključene tudi druge besedne vrste, v prid širine opisa pa pritegnjene tudi druge ravnine jezikovne zgradbe (pisna, glasoslovna, skladenjska). Odkrivanje sistemskih potez knjižnega jezika najpogosteje poteka preko analize jezika vzročnih besedil osrednjih piscev (zlasti Trubarja, Dalmatina in Krelja). K celovitejšemu pregledu prispevajo tudi rezultati preverjanja vpliva tujih prevodnih predlog ter dodane diahrone osvetlitve.

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This volume explores the production of knowledge of normativity in the age of early modern globalisation by looking at an extraordinarily pragmatic and normative book: Manual de Confessores, by the Spanish canon law professor Martín de Azpilcueta (1492-1586). Intertwining expertise, methods, and questions of legal history and book history, this book follows the actors and analyses the factors involved in the production, circulation, and use of the Manual, both in printed and manuscript forms, in the territories of the early modern Iberian Empires and of the Catholic Church. It convincingly illustrates the different dynamics related to the materiality of this object that contributed to “glocal” knowledge production. Contributors are: Samuel Barbosa, Manuela Bragagnolo, Christiane Birr, Luisa Stella de Oliveira Coutinho Silva, Byron Ellsworth Hamann, Idalia García Aguilar, Pedro Guibovich Pérez, Natalia Maillard Álvarez, César Manrique Figueroa, Stuart M. McManus, Yoshimi Orii, David Rex Galindo, Airton Ribeiro, and Pedro Rueda Ramírez.

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"Topographies of Tolerance and Intolerance challenges the narrative of a simple progression of tolerance and the establishment of confessional identity during the early modern period. These essays explore the lived experiences of religious plurality, providing insights into the developments and drawbacks of religious coexistence in this turbulent period. The essays examine three main groups of actors—the laity, parish clergy, and unacknowledged religious minorities—in pre- and post-Westphalian Europe. Throughout this period, the laity navigated their own often-fluid religious beliefs, the expectations of conformity held by their religious and political leaders, and the complex realities of life that involved interactions with co-religious and non-co-religious family, neighbors, and business associates on a daily basis. Contributors are: James Blakeley, Amy Nelson Burnett, Victoria Christman, Geoffrey Dipple, Timothy G. Fehler, Emily Fisher Gray, Benjamin J. Kaplan, David M. Luebke, David Mayes, Marjorie Elizabeth Plummer, William Bradford Smith, and Shira Weidenbaum."

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"Topographies of Tolerance and Intolerance challenges the narrative of a simple progression of tolerance and the establishment of confessional identity during the early modern period. These essays explore the lived experiences of religious plurality, providing insights into the developments and drawbacks of religious coexistence in this turbulent period. The essays examine three main groups of actors—the laity, parish clergy, and unacknowledged religious minorities—in pre- and post-Westphalian Europe. Throughout this period, the laity navigated their own often-fluid religious beliefs, the expectations of conformity held by their religious and political leaders, and the complex realities of life that involved interactions with co-religious and non-co-religious family, neighbors, and business associates on a daily basis. Contributors are: James Blakeley, Amy Nelson Burnett, Victoria Christman, Geoffrey Dipple, Timothy G. Fehler, Emily Fisher Gray, Benjamin J. Kaplan, David M. Luebke, David Mayes, Marjorie Elizabeth Plummer, William Bradford Smith, and Shira Weidenbaum."

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Avtor v delu pokaže, kako so na oblikovanje misli o jeziku in književnosti pri slovenskih protestantskih piscih 16. stoletja vplivali zgledi tedaj že razvitih knjižnih izročil (v večji meri nemškega in latinskega, manj tudi italijanskega). V tem okviru vseskozi opozarja tudi na močan odmev humanizma v delih slovenskih protestantskih piscev.

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